在本文中，提出了一种模拟人脸和眼睛的方法，其可以被视为计算机视觉技术和神经网络概念的组合。从机械角度来看，使用3-DOF球形并联机器人，其模仿人头运动。在涉及眼球运动的顾虑中，将2-DOF机构连接到3-DOF球形平行机构的端部执行器。为了对模仿具有稳健和可靠的结果，应从面啮合物中提取有意义的信息，以获得面部的姿势，即卷，偏航和俯仰角。为此，提出了两种方法，其中每个方法都有自己的利弊。第一种方法在于借助Google引入的所谓的MediaPipe库，该库是用于高保真身体姿势跟踪的机器学习解决方案。作为第二种方法，模型是由不同姿势的面部图像的聚集数据集进行线性回归模型训练。另外，利用了三维敏捷眼睛并联机器人来示出该机器人用作类似于用于执行3-DOF旋转运动模式的人头的系统的能力。此外，制造3D印刷面和2-DOF眼睛机构以显示整个系统的方式更时尚。基于ROS平台完成的实验测试，证明了追踪人体头部运动的提出方法的有效性。

In this paper, we present a novel control architecture for the online adaptation of bipedal locomotion on inclined obstacles. In particular, we introduce a novel, cost-effective, and versatile foot sensor to detect the proximity of the robot's feet to the ground (bump sensor). By employing this sensor, feedback controllers are implemented to reduce the impact forces during the transition of the swing to stance phase or steeping on inclined unseen obstacles. Compared to conventional sensors based on contact reaction force, this sensor detects the distance to the ground or obstacles before the foot touches the obstacle and therefore provides predictive information to anticipate the obstacles. The controller of the proposed bump sensor interacts with another admittance controller to adjust leg length. The walking experiments show successful locomotion on the unseen inclined obstacle without reducing the locomotion speed with a slope angle of 12. Foot position error causes a hard impact with the ground as a consequence of accumulative error caused by links and connections' deflection (which is manufactured by university tools). The proposed framework drastically reduces the feet' impact with the ground.

Recent advances in distributed artificial intelligence (AI) have led to tremendous breakthroughs in various communication services, from fault-tolerant factory automation to smart cities. When distributed learning is run over a set of wirelessly connected devices, random channel fluctuations and the incumbent services running on the same network impact the performance of both distributed learning and the coexisting service. In this paper, we investigate a mixed service scenario where distributed AI workflow and ultra-reliable low latency communication (URLLC) services run concurrently over a network. Consequently, we propose a risk sensitivity-based formulation for device selection to minimize the AI training delays during its convergence period while ensuring that the operational requirements of the URLLC service are met. To address this challenging coexistence problem, we transform it into a deep reinforcement learning problem and address it via a framework based on soft actor-critic algorithm. We evaluate our solution with a realistic and 3GPP-compliant simulator for factory automation use cases. Our simulation results confirm that our solution can significantly decrease the training delay of the distributed AI service while keeping the URLLC availability above its required threshold and close to the scenario where URLLC solely consumes all network resources.

The behavior of the network and its stability are governed by both dynamics of individual nodes as well as their topological interconnections. Attention mechanism as an integral part of neural network models was initially designed for natural language processing (NLP), and so far, has shown excellent performance in combining dynamics of individual nodes and the coupling strengths between them within a network. Despite undoubted impact of attention mechanism, it is not yet clear why some nodes of a network get higher attention weights. To come up with more explainable solutions, we tried to look at the problem from stability perspective. Based on stability theory, negative connections in a network can create feedback loops or other complex structures by allowing information to flow in the opposite direction. These structures play a critical role in the dynamics of a complex system and can contribute to abnormal synchronization, amplification, or suppression. We hypothesized that those nodes that are involved in organizing such structures can push the entire network into instability modes and therefore need higher attention during analysis. To test this hypothesis, attention mechanism along with spectral and topological stability analyses was performed on a real-world numerical problem, i.e., a linear Multi Input Multi Output state-space model of a piezoelectric tube actuator. The findings of our study suggest that the attention should be directed toward the collective behaviour of imbalanced structures and polarity-driven structural instabilities within the network. The results demonstrated that the nodes receiving more attention cause more instability in the system. Our study provides a proof of concept to understand why perturbing some nodes of a network may cause dramatic changes in the network dynamics.

We introduce a new probabilistic temporal logic for the verification of Markov Decision Processes (MDP). Our logic is the first to include operators for causal reasoning, allowing us to express interventional and counterfactual queries. Given a path formula $\phi$, an interventional property is concerned with the satisfaction probability of $\phi$ if we apply a particular change $I$ to the MDP (e.g., switching to a different policy); a counterfactual allows us to compute, given an observed MDP path $\tau$, what the outcome of $\phi$ would have been had we applied $I$ in the past. For its ability to reason about different configurations of the MDP, our approach represents a departure from existing probabilistic temporal logics that can only reason about a fixed system configuration. From a syntactic viewpoint, we introduce a generalized counterfactual operator that subsumes both interventional and counterfactual probabilities as well as the traditional probabilistic operator found in e.g., PCTL. From a semantics viewpoint, our logic is interpreted over a structural causal model (SCM) translation of the MDP, which gives us a representation amenable to counterfactual reasoning. We provide a proof-of-concept evaluation of our logic on a reach-avoid task in a grid-world model.

Although deep networks have shown vulnerability to evasion attacks, such attacks have usually unrealistic requirements. Recent literature discussed the possibility to remove or not some of these requirements. This paper contributes to this literature by introducing a carpet-bombing patch attack which has almost no requirement. Targeting the feature representations, this patch attack does not require knowing the network task. This attack decreases accuracy on Imagenet, mAP on Pascal Voc, and IoU on Cityscapes without being aware that the underlying tasks involved classification, detection or semantic segmentation, respectively. Beyond the potential safety issues raised by this attack, the impact of the carpet-bombing attack highlights some interesting property of deep network layer dynamic.

This work addresses fair generative models. Dataset biases have been a major cause of unfairness in deep generative models. Previous work had proposed to augment large, biased datasets with small, unbiased reference datasets. Under this setup, a weakly-supervised approach has been proposed, which achieves state-of-the-art quality and fairness in generated samples. In our work, based on this setup, we propose a simple yet effective approach. Specifically, first, we propose fairTL, a transfer learning approach to learn fair generative models. Under fairTL, we pre-train the generative model with the available large, biased datasets and subsequently adapt the model using the small, unbiased reference dataset. We find that our fairTL can learn expressive sample generation during pre-training, thanks to the large (biased) dataset. This knowledge is then transferred to the target model during adaptation, which also learns to capture the underlying fair distribution of the small reference dataset. Second, we propose fairTL++, where we introduce two additional innovations to improve upon fairTL: (i) multiple feedback and (ii) Linear-Probing followed by Fine-Tuning (LP-FT). Taking one step further, we consider an alternative, challenging setup when only a pre-trained (potentially biased) model is available but the dataset that was used to pre-train the model is inaccessible. We demonstrate that our proposed fairTL and fairTL++ remain very effective under this setup. We note that previous work requires access to the large, biased datasets and is incapable of handling this more challenging setup. Extensive experiments show that fairTL and fairTL++ achieve state-of-the-art in both quality and fairness of generated samples. The code and additional resources can be found at bearwithchris.github.io/fairTL/.

Many existing datasets for lidar place recognition are solely representative of structured urban environments, and have recently been saturated in performance by deep learning based approaches. Natural and unstructured environments present many additional challenges for the tasks of long-term localisation but these environments are not represented in currently available datasets. To address this we introduce Wild-Places, a challenging large-scale dataset for lidar place recognition in unstructured, natural environments. Wild-Places contains eight lidar sequences collected with a handheld sensor payload over the course of fourteen months, containing a total of 67K undistorted lidar submaps along with accurate 6DoF ground truth. Our dataset contains multiple revisits both within and between sequences, allowing for both intra-sequence (i.e. loop closure detection) and inter-sequence (i.e. re-localisation) place recognition. We also benchmark several state-of-the-art approaches to demonstrate the challenges that this dataset introduces, particularly the case of long-term place recognition due to natural environments changing over time. Our dataset and code will be available at https://csiro-robotics.github.io/Wild-Places.

检测和避免（DAA）功能对于无人飞机系统（UAS）的安全操作至关重要。本文介绍了Airtrack，这是一个仅实时视觉检测和跟踪框架，尊重SUAS系统的大小，重量和功率（交换）约束。鉴于遥远飞机的低信噪比（SNR），我们建议在深度学习框架中使用完整的分辨率图像，以对齐连续的图像以消除自我动态。然后，对齐的图像在级联的初级和次级分类器中下游使用，以改善多个指标的检测和跟踪性能。我们表明，Airtrack在亚马逊机载对象跟踪（AOT）数据集上胜过最先进的基线。多次现实世界的飞行测试与CESSNA 172与通用航空交通相互作用，并在受控的设置中朝着UAS飞向UAS的其他近碰撞飞行测试，该拟议方法满足了新引入的ASTM F3442/F3442M标准DAA标准。经验评估表明，我们的系统的概率超过900m，范围超过95％。视频可在https://youtu.be/h3ll_wjxjpw上找到。

在本文中，创建了具有定制设计的执行器空间弦编码器的增强软机器人原型，以研究动态软机器人轨迹跟踪。软机器人原型嵌入了所提出的自适应被动性控制和有效的动态模型，使具有挑战性的轨迹跟踪任务成为可能。我们通过在不同的操作场景上执行实验验证：各种跟踪速度和外部干扰来探索跟踪准确性以及提出的控制策略的全部潜力。在所有实验场景中，提出的自适应被动控制都优于常规PD反馈线性化控制。实验分析详细介绍了所提出的方法的优势和缺点，并指出了未来软机器人动态控制的下一步。